What is waterproof fabric? In simple terms, waterproof fabrics are materials that resist penetration by water, meeting strict criteria outlined by governing specifications and laboratory tests. These fabrics are invaluable for making household goods, outdoor clothing, shoes, and lifestyle equipment. Waterproofing agents are often added during manufacturing, resulting in a finished product that repels water. When creating the world's best waterproof bean bags, we searched for the most effective fabrics. Let’s explore some of the most common types of waterproof fabric in use today.
Useful Terms Regarding Waterproof Fabric
Before diving deeper, it’s important to distinguish between a few related but different terms: waterproof, water-repellent, and water-resistant. Understanding these differences will help you make informed choices when buying furniture, accessories, or clothing.
What is Waterproof Fabric?
Waterproof fabric is impenetrable to water to a certain extent. Its ability to repel water is measured by how much pressure it can withstand before water seeps through. Only fabrics with sealed seams can truly be called waterproof. The quality of enclosures and seals determines how waterproof a product is. For example, tightly woven polyester is highly unlikely to absorb moisture, making it ideal for household items like beanbags and furniture. So is polyester waterproof?
Water Repellent Explained
Water-repellent fabrics are difficult for water to penetrate, usually due to a special coating applied during manufacturing. The coating, rather than the fabric itself, provides the water-repellent properties.
Water Resistant Explained
Water-resistant fabrics resist water penetration but won’t keep you dry in heavy rain. They offer minimal protection, making waterproofing the highest level of moisture defense. We discuss water-resistant fabrics in more detail below.
How is Waterproof Fabric Made?
Waterproof, breathable fabrics (WPB fabrics) are made by bonding a waterproof membrane to the outer shell of a product. The two main types of membranes are PU (polyurethane) and ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene). Bob Gore invented ePTFE, known as Gore-Tex, in 1978. ePTFE membranes have millions of tiny pores—large enough for water vapor to escape but too small for liquid water to penetrate. PU coating on fabric has no pores, making it less breathable than ePTFE. Polyurethane attracts water to the surface, repelling moisture through molecular wicking. PU membranes may not perform as well in humid environments, but manufacturers are developing more breathable versions.
8 Common Types Of Fabric – Are They All Technically Waterproof?
1. Laminated Cotton
Laminated cotton is coated with a thin waterproof layer, making it both effective and environmentally friendly. It’s ideal for hats, jackets, and ski clothing, and works well in extreme weather. The water-resistant layer is bonded to the back of the cotton, enhancing waterproofing while maintaining breathability.
2. Polyester and Nylon
Polyester and nylon are water-resistant due to their tight weave, but not fully waterproof on their own. A special coating, such as polyurethane, can make them waterproof. In the nylon vs polyester comparison, both materials are less breathable and not as strong as some other options, so consider breathability and durability. Ripstop nylon is especially sturdy and was even used for parachutes in WWII due to its waterproof and rip-proof qualities.
3. Vinyl and Plastic
Vinyl and plastic are artificial materials that are highly waterproof and flexible. They’re commonly used in household items like placemats and cosmetic bags, offering both toughness and flexibility.
4. TPU
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is soft, supple, and more environmentally friendly than PUL (Polyurethane Laminate). It’s a popular choice for reusable nappies due to its absorbency and comfort.
5. Polyester Fleece
Fleece is water-resistant if thick enough, making it useful for the outer layer of cloth nappies. Applying a water-repellent coating can further enhance its resistance.
6. Polyurethane Laminate (PUL)
PUL is a polyester fabric with a plastic backing, making it completely waterproof, breathable, and flexible. It’s thin, smooth, and can be washed many times without damage.
7. Wool
Wool is a natural, water-resistant fabric. While not fully waterproof, adding a lanolin coating can improve its protection. Boiled wool is especially water-resistant due to its dense structure.
8. Oilcloth
Oilcloth is linen or cotton coated with boiled linseed oil or a clear vinyl layer, making it completely waterproof. It’s low maintenance and commonly used for tablecloths, bags, and kitchen accessories.
The Top Branded Waterproof Fabrics
If you’re shopping for furniture or protective clothing, consider these top waterproof fabric brands:
Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex is the industry leader in waterproof fabric, using an ePTFE membrane with a thin polyurethane coating for waterproof, breathable performance. Available in 2L and 3L constructions, Gore-Tex is trusted by brands like The North Face, Marmot, and Patagonia. Their “guarantee to keep you dry” promise ensures long-lasting protection.
Pertex Shield
Pertex Shield uses a PU laminate for waterproofing and offers a wide range of options for various conditions, from intense sports to hiking. Pertex Shield also partners with brands such as The North Face.
Polartec Neoshell
Polartec Neoshell uses a porous polyurethane membrane, making it both waterproof and air-permeable. It’s known for its four-way stretch and comfort, and is used by brands like Altra, Marmot, and Eddie Bauer. Other notable waterproof fabric brands include OutDry Extreme, H2No, DryVent, AscentShell, Dry Q, and Marmot.
Waterproof Fabric Round-Up
Now you know the different types of waterproof fabric and how they’re used in daily life. Whether you’re choosing outerwear for an adventure or a stylish new beanbag for your home, check the ratings for breathability and waterproofness. Most fabrics can be made waterproof with the right layer or backing. There are different fabrics for unique purposes, so if you’re getting crafty and making your own waterproof clothing or accessories, you know where to begin!